Mary, Queen of Scots Essay - 829 Words

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary Stewart was born December 7, 1542. Her father was James V, King of Scotland and her mother was Mary of Guise of France. Mary was the third child and only daughter of James V and Mary of Guise, since both of her twin brothers had died before she was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland. Seven days after Mary was born, James V, died and his infant daughter succeeded to the Scottish throne. Mary Stewart became Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1547 an English invasion led to the military occupation of the country. By 1548, the Scottish were actively seeking French aid and betrothed their young queen to the French dauphin Francis, the son of Henry II, on the condition that Henry send an army to Scotland to drive the†¦show more content†¦In July 1559, Mary and Francis assumed the royal titles of King and Queen of France since Henry II had died. Her happiness was short, after she learned the death of her mother in June 1560. Six months later, her husband King Francis II was also dead. Mary was devastated and extremely depressed. In spite of these personal tragedies, Mary chose to return to Scotland although it was a different country from the one she had left 13 years ago. In Mary’s absence the Protestant party had gained power in Scotland by abolishing the authority of the pope and forbidding the celebration of the Mass. On July 29, 1565, Mary married her second husband. Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley her first cousin and the grandson of Margaret Tudor, was next in line after Mary to the English succession. This marriage united the two nearest claimants to the English throne. After a year or so, Mary began to realize that Darnley, who was both morally and mentally worthless, was not fit to be king. Although she had given him title of king, Darnley had now demanded that the crown be secured to him for life. His main reason was if Mary died without children, the Scottish crown should descend to his heirs. She refused to grant him the crown and turned to David Rizzio for comfort. David Rizzio first came as a musician to the royal court and he was quickly promoted to secretary for Mary’s French affairs. Rumors were spread that he was not just a secretary butShow MoreRelatedMary Queen of Scots Research Paper686 Words   |  3 PagesMary Queen of Scots Research Paper * 1542 * 8 December; Mary Stuart is born at Linlithgow Palace * 14 December; James V, King of Scots, Marys father, dies at 31 * 1543 * Mary crowned Queen of Scots * 1546 * Cardinal Beaton is murdered; ascendancy of pro-French party * 1547 * January; King Henry VIII of England dies * March; King Francis I of France dies * 10 September; battle of Pinkie; Scots defeated by EnglishRead More Mary, Queen of Scots by Gordon Donaldson Essay1756 Words   |  8 Pagesthat is being reviewed is Mary, Queen of Scots by Gordon Donaldson. Mary Stuart, was born at Linlithge Palace on December 8, 1542, sixs days later she became Queen of Scotland. Mary became Queen of France and soon her greediness grew and she wanted to take over England. Mary was unwilling to stay in France, so she went back to Scotland. There her second husband died and she was imprisoned in England for the suspicion of the murder. Mary had a bad ending to her life. Mary got caught in attempting anRead MoreMary Queen of Scots- Biography1785 Words   |  8 Pagesthat is being reviewed is Mary, Queen of Scots by Gordon Donaldson. Mary Stuart, was born at Linlithge Palace on December 8, 1542, sixs days later she became Queen of Scotland. Mary became Queen of France and soon her greediness grew and she wanted to take over England. Mary was unwilling to stay in France, so she went back to Scotland. There her second husband died and she was imprisoned in England for the suspicion of the murder. Mary had a bad ending to her life. Mary got caught in attemptingRead MoreMary Queen Of Scots By William Shakespeare1805 Words   |  8 PagesMary I of England, not to be confused with her cousin Mary Queen of Scots, is most commonly referred to as one of the most, if not the most vicious and blood thirsty monarchs in English history and few of them have been given reputations as infamous as hers. Mary was obsessed with the quest to return England from the Protestant Church of England to its Catholic tradition during her three year reign as Queen of England. Mary’s insistence on creating a Catholic English nation stemmed from resentmentRead MoreElizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots1688 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots During the sixteenth century there where many conflicts which occurred between Catholics and Protestants. The Kings and Queens of England especially kept on changing between both religions. This made it very difficult for the people of England to choose a religion because laws kept on getting changed in regard to practicing religion. When Elizabeth I became Queen she became the new defender of the faith, thus making Protestantism the official religion. OneRead MoreEssay The Elizabethan Monarchy1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Elizabethan Era was from 1533 (the birth of Queen Elizabeth 1) till 1603 (her death). Queen Elizabeth was the one who was responsible for what happened to the country during this era. For Queen Elizabeth, being part of the Elizabethan Royalty was a tough and challenging task. She played an important role within the religious conflicts for power between England and its neighboring countries, had the constant pressure to produce a successor, and had to endure se xual discrimination for being aRead MoreA Royal Catfight: The Battle Between Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Mary Stuart1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe reign of Queen Elizabeth I was known as the Elizabethan Age. At this time, the Renaissance had spread to England. As a ruler, she was well educated, speaking about four different languages (Beck 963). However, it was not just her knowledge that made her into a popular monarch. Her personality helped her to become a successful politician as well. In a documentary about Queen Elizabeth I, it was stated, â€Å"She was vain, spiteful, arrogant. She was frequently unjust, and she was often maddeninglyRead MoreQueen Elizabeth: Golden Age1406 Words   |  6 PagesElizabeth’s Golden Age Elizabeth was Queen of England from 1558-1603. During that time England was a strong country and she was a successful queen. Many people thought Elizabeth would not last long without a powerful husband but they were proved wrong. In fact Elizabeth was very clever in not choosing a husband. She didn’t choose a husband because she didn’t want anybody taking over her throne. There were four men that she could have married but said no to. The first man was Philip of Spain. PhilipRead MoreMary Stuart Was a Good Queen in Scotland: How about England? Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1500s, many great Kings and Queen existed of whom a few will go down in history as some of the greatest leaders of all time. Elizabeth I being the queen of England during 1533-1603 and Mary Stuart ruling Scotland for the years of 1542-1567, Mary Stuart was always eager to take Elizabeth I’s spot, and she was always trying to find new ways to try to take the throne. Yet, if Mary Stuart was successful in taking the throne would she be a good queen? Although Mary Stuart was educated and had strongRead MoreWomen in The 16th Century Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagespower and rule over a country. Discussing the govern of Queens during the 16th century, such as Mary Tudor, Lady Jane Grey, Mary, Queen of Scots, and Elizabeth I, allowed prejudices to be lessened but never completely be erased. No matter how these four notable ladies came into power, the accomplishments they overcame, achieved and wrote about proved to be great and substantial in making history as it is written today. Mary I, or also called Mary Tudor, was next in line to the throne after her half-brother

Polymer Definition and Examples

A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked repeating subunits, which are called monomers. Polymers usually have high melting and boiling points. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. The word polymer comes from the Greek prefix poly-, which means many, and the suffix -mer, which means parts. The word was coined by Swedish chemist Jons Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848) in 1833, although with a slightly different meaning from the modern definition. The modern understanding of polymers as macromolecules was proposed by German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965) in 1920. Examples of Polymers Polymers may be divided into two categories. Natural polymers (also called biopolymers) include silk, rubber, cellulose, wool, amber, keratin, collagen, starch, DNA, and shellac. Biopolymers serve key functions in organisms, acting as structural proteins, functional proteins, nucleic acids, structural polysaccharides, and energy storage molecules. Synthetic polymers are prepared by a chemical reaction, often in a lab. Examples of synthetic polymers include PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polystyrene, synthetic rubber, silicone, polyethylene, neoprene, and nylon. Synthetic polymers are used to make plastics, adhesives, paints, mechanical parts, and many common objects. Synthetic polymers may be grouped into two categories. Thermoset plastics are made from a liquid or soft solid substance that can be irreversibly changed into an insoluble polymer by curing using heat or radiation. Thermoset plastics tend to be rigid and have high molecular weights. The plastic stays out of shape when deformed and typically decompose before they melt. Examples of thermoset plastics include epoxy, polyester, acrylic resins, polyurethanes, and vinyl esters. Bakelite, Kevlar, and vulcanized rubber are also thermoset plastics. Thermoplastic polymers or thermosoftening plastics are the other type of synthetic polymers. While thermoset plastics are rigid, thermoplastic polymers are solid when cool, but are pliable and can be molded above a certain temperature. While thermoset plastics form irreversible chemical bonds when cured, the bonding in thermoplastics weakens with temperature. Unlike thermosets, which decompose rather than melt, thermoplastics melt into a liquid upon heating. Examples of thermoplastics include acrylic, nylon, Teflon, polypropylene, polycarbonate, ABS, and polyethylene. Brief History of Polymer Development Natural polymers have been used since ancient times, but mankinds ability to intentionally synthesize polymers is a fairly recent development. The first man-made plastic was nitrocellulose. The process to make it was devised in 1862 by British chemist Alexander Parkes (1812–1890). He treated the natural polymer cellulose with nitric acid and a solvent. When nitrocellulose was treated with camphor, it produced celluloid, a polymer widely used in the film industry and as a moldable replacement for ivory. When nitrocellulose was dissolved in ether and alcohol, it became collodion. This polymer was used as a surgical dressing, starting with the U.S. Civil War and afterward. The vulcanization of rubber was another big achievement in polymer chemistry. German chemist Friedrich Ludersdorf (1801–1886) and American inventor Nathaniel Hayward (1808–1865) independently found adding sulfur to natural rubber helped keep it from becoming sticky. The process of vulcanizing rubber by adding sulfur and applying heat was described by British engineer Thomas Hancock (1786–1865) in 1843 (UK patent) and American chemist Charles Goodyear (1800–1860) in 1844. While scientists and engineers could make polymers, it wasnt until 1922 that an explanation was proposed for how they formed. Hermann Staudinger suggested covalent bonds held together long chains of atoms. In addition to explaining how polymers work, Staudinger also proposed the name macromolecules to describe polymers.

Hills Like White Elephants Analysis - 1803 Words

Subject The text â€Å"Letting the air into a relationship: Metaphorical Abortion in ‘Hills Like White Elephants† by Wyche David aims at analyzing and synthesizing the short story by Hemingway â€Å"Hills like White†. The analysis would provide new knowledge to readers of the short story or provide the readers with a new point of view of analyzing it. The subject of the text is to present his ideas on the short story and well as critique other critics who had previously critiqued it. The story illustrates broken relationships of Hemingway and the pain it caused him, which led him to write the short story. The whole text is therefore an analysis and synthesis of the short story written by Hemingway. Thesis The author’s main argument is that the text†¦show more content†¦Wyche disputes all the critics who suggested that the text was either about whether Jig should carry the pregnancy to a full term or have an abortion. Wyche feels that the text was a metaphor representing pain which comes as a result of an end of a relationship between two people. One of his main ideas was therefore to dispute some of the ideas that critics had put forward in the past and bring forward a new meaning to the short story. As Wyche noted most of the critics saw a metaphor of abortion but failed to see that the abortion could also be used as metaphor to mean something else which in this case means the pain of a breakup. By bringing other critic’s point of view into play, he successfully acknowledges what they wrote and their ideas but also presents him with a point to dispute the same. Even if he does not refuse the ideas produced by earlier critics, the author presents a different poi nt of view from whatever was presented before. Wyche also shows that writers like Hemingway may be influenced by what is going on in their personal life. Wyche also aims to relate Hemingway’s life and that of the author. Towards the end of the text, Wyche provides a comparison of Hemingway’s real life and the author and notes that he always had a way of feeding his artistic side from his personal experiences. Hemingway’s work was a mirror of reality and much of his reality. Wyche as an author therefore aimed at showing the relationship between and an artist’sShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1517 Words   |  7 PagesPaul 5 December 2015 Female Disempowerment in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses his in-depth ability of foreshadowing to provide the reader with little information on the stories background or future events to come. At first glance, the discussion that takes place in story seems like a minor argument between a couple at a train station in Spain. However, upon deeper analysis, this piece takes a stab at one of the touchiestRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 1911 Words   |  8 PagesC2C Eric J Holm 10 Dec 2015 Dr. Van Nort Final Essay: â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† Jig’s Abortion through the Historical and Textual Lens â€Å"I know you wouldn’t mind it, Jig. It’s really not anything. It’s just to let the air in† (Hemingway 213). In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† an abortion is debated through subtleties, similes, and symbols. The abortion is never explicitly mentioned, but instead Hemingway leaves the reader to conclude what this â€Å"simple operation† really is (213)Read More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a woman discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must decide whether or not to have an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubtRead MoreStory Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants723 Words   |  3 PagesHills Like White Elephants Erich Auerbach wrote Mimesis in 1953 and used his theories about foreground and background to help in his analysis and understanding of the story of Odysseus. His analysis is appropriate for this one story but can also be applied to other stories wherein the truth of the tale is not expressed directly (Auerbach 3). Authors can instill additional meaning through the text by the tone that is set and the way dialogue is written. Background and foreground in this contextRead MoreCritical Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants923 Words   |  4 PagesMikhail Shimonov Professor Kaufman March 28, 2011 Critical Analysis of Hills like White Elephants At first glance, Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, may allude to many interpretations, however, the short story has a clear purpose. Set in the Ebro River valley in Spain, the story looms around the issue brought forth by Jig and the American, who is nameless throughout the whole story. The issue here being the ‘simple operation’ that Jig is about to undergo which happens to be anRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants 993 Words   |  4 PagesEnerest Hemingway’s short story titled Hills Like White Elephants, is a story that may seem as simple and plain as if not much is going on. However, the story is actually very intricate; the author was able to say a lot without using many words. The story is about a conversation between a man and girl who are waiting for a train in Spain. The couple are both distressed about how they should make a decision of whether to keep their baby, or terminate the pregnancy. Hemingway is able to say indirectlyR ead MoreFormalistic Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants825 Words   |  4 PagesIn an analysis of the story â€Å"Hills like white elephants† by Ernest Hemmingway, one is forced to take a deep look at the hidden meanings embedded in the story. Considering the point of view, the significance of the location and its relevance to the story, the structure of the text, the symbolic meaning of the two landscapes and the title of the story, the entrails of the story are exposed. Hemmingway’s story is written in an objective or dramatic point of view. The story is told primarily throughRead MoreHills Like White Elephants : A Critical Analysis1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†: A Critical Analysis Introduction: One of the many themes in his stories for which Ernest Heming way is known, includes feminism. At Hemingway’s time feminism was known as a famous movement and it affected many important writers like Octavia Butler and Virginia Woolf. Hemingway was a literary icon of his time and he was influenced by the political, social and human rights movements of his time. He was also touched by the hopelessness of women and how their thinkingRead MoreAnalysis Paper Hills Like White Elephants815 Words   |  4 PagesShort Story Analysis Paper Topic: Hills like White Elephants Meaningful Hills Hills are seen as just abstract objects in a distance, some may be seen as beautiful and they are hard to get around when you don’t have the best way to overcome them. In the short story an American man and a girl named Jig are sitting in a rail station waiting for the train to Madrid. While they are waiting, they have an intense, ongoing discussion over whether or not Jig will get an abortion. The hills are viewedRead MoreAnalysis Of Hills Like White Elephants1435 Words   |  6 PagesMany who have read â€Å"Hills like White Elephants† can agree that it is a hard story to comprehend. The meaning is hidden and has to be deciphered. When I found out the meaning I was blown away. I had no clue the story was about abortion. There are many views on whether the girl wants to go through with it or if the â€Å"American man† is forcing her. There are many facts that point to the conclusion that the man is forcing the girl to commit abortion. The language, tone and th e setting all point to this

The Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins - 1299 Words

The book The Hunger Games takes place in the U.S many years after a war that put the world in total chaos. The last semblance of civilization is the capital Panem, and its 13 surrounding districts. Rebellions started to erupt through the districts to overthrow the capitals rule, but in the ended lasted in the defeat of the rebellions, and the destruction of district 13, who were the coordinators of the rebellion. As punishment for the rebellion, the capital has an annual competition named â€Å"The hunger games† where every year one boy and girl less than 19 years old from each district must compete in a to the death competition until one survivor remains. The book begins in district 12 on the eve of what is called a reaping where a boy and girl are randomly chosen to be put into the games. Katniss Everdeen is the story s 16-year-old main character, and everything that unfolds in the story is seen entirely through her eyes. A major influence for Suzanne Collins was based on the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur, where as punishment for displeasing Crete, Athens periodically had to send seven youths and seven maidens to Crete, where they were thrown into the labyrinth and devoured by the Minotaur, which is a monster that’s half man and half bull. The message that ultimately spoke to Collins was that messing with a higher power would have its consequences, and having children being slaughtered as the parents watched helplessly really impacted Collins. For her, havingShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3246 Words   |  13 PagesStudy Unit The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway’s The Cellist of Sarajevo demonstrates the way in which people are affected by war, and a brutal dictatorship. The authors illustrates the main purpose for writing their novel through the use of imagery, characterization, foreshadowing, flashback, similes, and symbolism. Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway use imagery and characterization to vividly describe the effects and outcomes of war and dictatorship. Suzanne Collins portrays,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie or the book the Hunger Games came out with a bang when it first hit theaters or the shelves of the bookstores. It was dubbed as one of the best films or books to read, interestingly enough it was a remake of the stories or myths most people heard when they were younger, but modernized and turned into a collage of all the best roman and Greek stories. Suzanne Collins brilliantly combined the Greek and Roman influences to make the movie/book unforgettable. By using stories from the romansRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collin899 Words   |  4 Pages Suzanne Collin’s â€Å"Hunger Games† seems to be about a dystopian society struggle to become a utopia. However, when the readers read further in to the book or watches the movie one can see that is about all the characters that make use human. As human, we feel the need to build an ethical framework based on our needs for authority rather than tradition. The Capitol in the Hunger Games exploits human needs to keep authority in place. After rising seas and poverty consumed much of the land, the CapitolRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1419 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional atmosphere within a dystopian state, there exists an absence of feeling which competes for dominance. Suzanne Collins’ demonstrates this competing apathetic mood in her novel, The Hunger Games, through the citizens of the divided dystopia of Panem. This essay will analyze the origins and influence of apathy on a people and an individual, in both a political and personal sense. Collins’ main argument, that citizens’ facing governmental oppression can either become compliant with apathy, or, insteadRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins854 Words   |  4 PagesIn a place where poverty is prevalent and a country is ruled b y a tyrannical dictator is it possible for an individual to trust others when their own life is always at stake? In the book The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character Katniss Everdeen is a survivor. In the novel she is put into an arena to compete against twenty-three other tributes to the death. This is not the only time during which she has to fend for herself; at home she had to care for her family and keep them aliveRead MoreThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins710 Words   |  3 Pages‘’The hunger games’’ is a novel written by Suzanne Collins, published in 2008. The genre of the book is thriller/survival, and is written over 27 chapters with 454 pages. In this analysis, I will tell you about how the main character Katniss changes through the novel, and tell you a little about the central characters that plays an important role for her. ‘’The Hunger Games’’, is set in the future in the country Panem, and is about the sixteen-year-old girl, Katniss Everdeen. Panem is divided intoRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3514 Words   |  15 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction, dystopian post-apocalyptic series that takes place in a futuristic North American nation called Panem. The film series is based on the novel series of the same title written by Suzanne Collins. Many who watch the films view them as an action-packed adventure series, but The Hunger Games, like many other dystopian films, feature social and political subjects that relate back to past and present culture. Dystopian films like the Hunger Games provide messages,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is about a sixteen year old girl named Katniss and how she needs to fight for her life. The Hunger Games takes place in an arena in the Capitol of Pa nem. There are 24 tributes, two from each District. The games were created to punish the Twelve Districts for trying to create an uprising against the Capitol. Suzanne Collins book could be compared to the United States and how people obsess with the way they look, discrimination is still occurring, and how the governmentRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1487 Words   |  6 PagesMy first text is The Hunger Games which is written by Suzanne Collins and it was written in September 14 2008; was set in the future, around the year 2087. My second text which is 1984, which is written by George Orwell and was written on Wednesday June 8 1949 and it was set in 1948. There are many themes in the book hunger games such as ‘the inequality between rich and poor’, ‘suffering as environment’ and ‘the importance of appearances’. In 1984 there is also many themes portrayed such as ‘theRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction and adventure film, based on the novel written by Suzanne Collins, which explores concepts of Marxism and numerous aspects of its principles through the dystopian world of Panem. The Hunger Games follows Marxist theories on bourgeoisie and proletariat class structure as well as capitalist production and the distribution of good. Thelma and Louise, a 1991 film directed by Ridley Scott, is often referred to by critics as â€Å"the ultimate feminist film†. This film

Impacts of Anti Drug Campaigns

Question: Discuss about theImpacts of Anti Drug Campaigns. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will understand the importance of removal of drugs, and party drugs form the youth and society of Australia. The youth are of adolescence age are very vulnerable to the drug addiction. The youth are very different from the age of older ones as they are new to the world and do not have any experience. For them going to clubs, night parties, etc. with friend is just a part of fun. But this culture is bringing up a negative impact on the lifestyle and habits of youth. The peer pressure or other elements let them to become a drug addict. In dance parties, it is very common that the people are taking alcohol and parties drugs to feel the dance and pleasure on the dance floor. Even the politicians and government think that drug consumption an alcohol is a problem for the individuals, Australian community and families. It is found that it can be effectively removed by effective marketing communication. Such type of communication can impact the individuals who intake high drugs and alcoholic drinks. It is initiated by clearly understanding the human tendency and behavior of customers and than a research can be conducted on how the consumption can be conducted. The Best Ideas in the Campaign Marketing Communication for Anti-Drugs It is conducted in the study that there must be a proper design of the communication should take place. The young people and are very considerable to drugs and alcohol. The communication campaign for anti drug is more effective when it is conducted with a narrow focus and tailored people not for the only youth of the Australia. In order to receive positive outcomes form this campaign there is a need to focus on the young individuals who are in need and who are on most risk. The youth who is taking open illegal drugs are the one who are at high risk. They have open attitude for part drugs and illegal drugs. They go to parties and clue and very exposed to such places (Drug harm minimization education for police in Australia, 2000). The best part of his campaign is that it tells us about the illegal consumption of drugs in the society. There is a high rate in the consumption of drugs and alcohol. The consumption of party drug is raised from 80-90% from the last years. There is a high increase in the illegal consumption of illegal drugs by the youth of Australia. Almost 6 young age people are taking drugs among 10 that show the high level of consumption of drugs in the society. Theses campaign is helping Australia to assist ways to control the use of drug consumption. It is very challenging to control the drug consumption from the country (Lawrence, D., Mitrou, F. and Zubrick, S.R., 2009). The ways through which drug removal program can be conducted is through effective designing of such campaigns. There should be a single bullet point that must be conveyed to the people who are taking drugs so that they can stop purchasing and consumption of drugs. It also helps them to start hating the computation and find it very unattractive. This type of contribution helps the society to curb the drugs from the same. It also promotes a help towards the social problems of the country (Hubbard, L., Marsden, E. and Racholl, V., 1989). It is initiated through the research in which it should be found that what the consumers think before taking party drugs and what is the behavior, attitude and perceptions hide behind them. It helps to establish anti drug communication in the society. In the target market, the communication can be received, decoded and processed. In this campaign, we can found that there is a potential message behind the communication. The study says that it is a part of attraction. The other reasons due to which people start taking drugs are pleasure, experiences, alleviation of boredom and loneliness, expressing of rebellious feeling, sensations, madness, etc. these all are the drivers of the drugs addiction. Many of the Australians and openly addicted to the intake of drugs. In the study, it is found that in preceding 12 month every 10 young people taking drugs that is illegal in nature out of the 15 (Basu, A. and Wang, J., 2009). The Worst Ideas in the Campaign The worst idea of the campaign is that this idea is totally flop because it is very ineffective and leave for a short period of time. The people again start taking drugs and there is no effect on the society f such campaigns. Campaigning also include a huge expenditure and very expensive to conduct in a frequent manner. Many times, the methods use by the rehabilitation centers to remove the addiction are very unfortunate and cruel. They take it as a challenge and harm the drug addicts for the satisfaction of their own egos. Drug victims need extra love and care, they just be treated as small children and pampered (Lawrence, D., Mitrou, F. and Zubrick, S.R., 2009). There is a requirement to catch those evil people smugglers, supply agents and mediators who are supporting this kind of evil practices in the world. They are becoming richer and creating their black money into white. They are using the youth of the country in this mal practice and letting them to die. The youth are forced to do the crime and then get money out of all this (Nath Sanyal, S. and Datta, S.K., 2011). Agree with the Central Approach of the Campaign The idea behind the campaign is true and I am totally agreed with the idea. The objective and aim of the study is to promote that drugs are not a good thing to consume and should be removed from the society. There must a drug free and happy world. Drugs must be removed because almost all the youth between the ages of 18-25 years of Australia is trapped with this addiction of drugs (Nesse, R.M. and Berridge, K.C., 1997). In this study, there are three concepts raised by the researchers that are mentioned as below- The idea behind Concept A is that to plant a doubt in the minds of the people and drug addict about the content and ingredient of the drugs and also the results of intake of drugs in their minds and body. In this way, they will be challenged and may stop this habit. Concept B states that the party drugs consumers do not want to engage in any social abuse so the aim is to realize them that addiction of drugs lead to the same. Concept C says that there must be an effective implication of all the strategies and policies. Reasons Due to Which we are Agree with the Approach Employed in Ethical or any other Terms. I do agree because some how these campaigns are helping and stopping those individuals who are not ready to take drugs. Either due to the fear that what the drug will do in the future or sometimes they do not want to continue with the drugs as they are ware about the negative part of taking the drugs (Opie, L.H. and Gersh, B.J., 2012). Though, it is not practically possible for the people related to the campaign to remove this addiction on a 100 % guarantee. However, the number of drug addicts is increasing day by day, but if there will be no such anti campaign to aware the people about the bad effects of drugs then they will never understand the requirement to stop using all such narcotic things. The Ideas of the Campaign are Applied in your Future work in Strategic Communication The effective frame of strategies that will target the young people of the country so that the initiative will takes place from the only. Such strategies are formed for two types of target audience: the one who is at high risk and the other one are the youth who are disinclined to use the drugs the purpose behind this is to reconfirm that they will not use it in the future. There is a need to inform them about all the bad impact of drugs on the mind and health of an individual (Valenta and Sherman, 2015). But we know that only awareness among the potential user is not enough to resist them to use drug in future. It must be designed in a way that the information could be facilitated to the parents and elderly people of the family so that they can become aware and do with their children and other relatives and help them to stop using such things. Parents should discuss such thing with their children and young people about drugs and its negative impact. Effective communication must be taken place between them so that the children will find it easy to share if there is any problem in their lives (Reinarman, C. and Levine, H.G., 1997). Lessons Learn from the Campaign The effective programs conducted by the government are creating a long term impact on the drug addicts. They are developed so that the young people, alders, children, adolescent, etc do not take drugs. They are then used by the parents, researchers, teachers, educators, leaders, etc to guide the thinking and perception of the drug abused person and prevent such happenings for the future at a big level (Sargent, J.D., et.al. 2010). They are generally used in colleges, schools, home etc. but adapted by almost all the people related to it. These programs focuses on the risk involved in drug abuse and try to curb that risk. Many pregnant women are and their infants are in danger due to the high intake of illegal drugs. There are many lessons that I have learn from this study (Spiller, L.D. and Wymer Jr, W.W., 2001). They are- The first major advantage of such program and campaigns is that they prevent and enhance the factors related to protection and reduction in the risk factors. There is awareness in the potential people. The prevention programs not only prevent the use of drugs but other narcotic drugs like tobacco, heroin, marijuana, alcohol, inhalants, etc. such drugs are also very harmful and destroy the health of people. These types of campaigns first try to analyze the type of drug abuse problems in the society, target the risk factors and then take the protective measure and methods to safeguard them. Such programs are not only to address for the specific audience or population like specific, age, gender, ethnicity, etc. but also for the entire country. Many of the campaign programs are for the entire family that helps them to bring effectiveness in the program for all the members. It helps to make the bond between the members, communication, discussion, training, etc. education is provided to the parents and guardians so that they can help their children to tackle such critical situations in the family and surroundings (Rossi, Ceriotti and Manolopoulos, 2014). Conclusion In present study, we can observe that the drug addicts are very open and accepting the intake of party drugs as they perceive it a part of pleasure and fun. They think that it is cool to be a drug addicts and go to night clubs and dance parties. Such issues can be tackled by the help of effective communication regarding the danger and health issue present in the intake of drugs and alcohol. We cannot take a pleasure in things that are harming us and our health in deep. There are three concepts in this study that set a clear understanding that there is a need of proper design and frame by which the trend of drugs intake can be eliminated. References Basu, A. and Wang, J., 2009. The role of branding in public health campaigns. Journal of communication management, 13(1), pp.77-91. Drug harm minimisation education for police in Australia. (2000). Canberra: Dept of Health and Aged Care. Hubbard, L., Marsden, E. and Racholl, V., 1989. Drug abuse treatment. Chapel Hill: The Univ. of North Carolina press. Lawrence, D., Mitrou, F. and Zubrick, S.R., 2009. Smoking and mental illness: results from population surveys in Australia and the United States. BMC public health, 9(1), p.1. Mazerolle, L., Soole, D. and Rombouts, S., 2007. Drug Law Enforcement A Review of the Evaluation Literature. Police quarterly, 10(2), pp.115-153. McDonald, D., 2011. Australian governments' spending on preventing and responding to drug abuse should target the main sources of drug?related harm and the most cost?effective interventions. Drug and alcohol review, 30(1), pp.96-100. Nath Sanyal, S. and Datta, S.K., 2011. The effect of country of origin on brand equity: an empirical study on generic drugs. Journal of Product Brand Management, 20(2), pp.130-140. Nesse, R.M. and Berridge, K.C., 1997. Psychoactive drug use in evolutionary perspective. Science, 278(5335), pp.63-66. Opie, L.H. and Gersh, B.J., 2012. Drugs for the Heart. Elsevier Health Sciences. Rossi, M., Ceriotti, M. and Manolopoulos, D. (2014). How to remove the spurious resonances from ring polymer molecular dynamics. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 140(23), p.234116. Reinarman, C. and Levine, H.G., 1997. Crack in America: Demon drugs and social justice. Univ of California Press. Sargent, J.D., Tanski, S., Stoolmiller, M. and Hanewinkel, R., 2010. Using sensation seeking to target adolescents for substance use interventions. Addiction, 105(3), pp.506-514. Spiller, L.D. and Wymer Jr, W.W., 2001. Physicians' perceptions and uses of commercial drug information sources: an examination of pharmaceutical marketing to physicians. Health marketing quarterly, 19(1), pp.91-106. Valenta, T. and Sherman, J. (2015). Drug Addiction in Australia. Sydney: Michelle Anderson Publishing.

Enlightenment in Prussia and Germany free essay sample

The Small Enlightenment in Prussia and German States The Enlightenment was an expansive Intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread throughout much of Europe during the sass. The Enlightenment was largely made possible by the Scientific Revolution which began in the 1 sass and represented the biggest departure from The Middle Ages. After millenniums of obedience to the Church people started to break away from a long spell of ignorance and began to question ideas relating to society and nature.A period also known as The Age of Reason saw the emergence of Intellectuals advancing knowledge unlike ever before. What resulted were pivotal discoveries In the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, politics, economics, philosophy, music, and medicine that shaped the Western world for decades and centuries to come. While The Enlightenment didnt help produce a revolutionary outcome such as in France, Prussia and German states still experienced a fair share of intellectual development during this time. We will write a custom essay sample on Enlightenment in Prussia and Germany or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since Germany was divided into a multitude of smaller tastes, with different languages and influences, The Enlightenment TLD have a full blown effect. Moreover, the combination of popular discontent with the Church and a fury of dissatisfaction among the nobility and middle class such as in France wasnt entirely present in Prussia. Nonetheless, Frederick II the Great, the King of Prussia, borrowed ideas from other parts of Europe in an attempt to modernize his country unaware of the changes already occurring within.During this time period Intellectuals such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried von Herder, and Frederica Schaller were at the earth of the cultural and literary movement called Wiener Classicism. Works by Herder and company helped to promote and legitimate a German language and culture that would one day develop into German nationalism. German music came of age under composers Johann Sebastian Bach, Joseph Haydn, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. All of whom, along other important composers, revolutionized orchestral music as we know it during what Is known as the Classical Period.Emmanuel Kant Is famous for coming up with his own school of thought out of the blue. Kant created a nine of thinking breaking norms in idealism, reality, and morality that have since been heavily borrowed by other major German philosophers long after his death. In time the German Enlightenment won the support of both the hierarchy and middle class and enduringly shaped German culture. Research on The German Enlightenment is fairly extensive since there were numerous breakthroughs.In reference to secondary sources, Daniel Hearth 2009 text Mozart, Haydn, and early Beethoven 1781-1802 provides a complete overview of the achievements made by three important composers during the Classical Period and he transition period into the Romantic Period; a s well as their trendsetting influences on German culture and music. Biographically, David Framers 2001 text Frederick the Great: King of Prussia gives insight into the profile of one of German history most notable leaders.Fraser account will contain useful material on is a concern that the text will be more focused on Fredericks military endeavors, Nile information on the Enlightenment period might be brushed over. Which is why Onion Galliards 1991 text: Germany under the Old Regime: 1600-1790 might prove quite useful. The timeshare will allow more proper focus on the period of interest. Another text that shows promise is Richard van Dolmens 1992 text The Society of The Enlightenment: The Rise of the Middle Class and Enlightenment Culture in Germany.This text focuses on the social environment of ideas during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of German history. Interestingly enough in contains information from language societies to the Masonic lodges, from the reading circles to secret societies. Since The Enlightenment was alive and well during the boom of the book industry he publication of primary sources are readily available. For instance, Emmanuel Cants 1784 What is Enlightenment? ND 1787 Critique of Pure Reason essays, are both excellent resources available to read and understand first-hand the ideas and thoughts of one of Germans most prominent philosophers. Also, popular published poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Frederica Schaller, and other notable poets and writers during the Wiener Classicism are available online. Examination of such pieces should give valuable insight into the style of poetry that emerged. However en difficulty is adequately understanding the symbolism inside cumbersome old English translated poems.Lastly, the huge online availability of music by composers such as Mozart, Bach and others from the Classical Period is convenient. Again properly understanding the ascetic differences between older generational orchestral composition and that of the Classical Era may be difficult for the untrained ear. Luckily the topic at hand contains a vast repertoire in many fields as can be The Enlightenment period was a time when people started to defy the church and he state and search for their own ideas and answers to life.Better described in Emmanuel Cants words, Enlightenment is mans leaving his self-caused immaturity Sapper Dude! (Dare to be Wise) Have the courage to use your own intelligence! Is therefore the motto of the enlightenment (What is Enlightenment 1784) The cultural movement swept almost all of Europe as intellectuals, philosophers, mathematicians, writers, musicians, and even royalty alike became inspired by the awe of a new age. It was an age of reckoning, an age of self-expression, an age of Iroquois and intellectual exploration.

Paradoxes and strategies of social media consumption free essay sample

The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services. Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKS initiative for digital archive preservation. *Related content and download information correct at time of download. Paradoxes and strategies of social media consumption among adolescents Downloaded by Tides University At 1 1 12 April 201 5 (P T) Ornate H;been Barcaroles and Carols Alberta Barras Rossi Ornate H;been Barcaroles and Carols Alberta Barras Rossi are both based at Management School, Federal university of ROI Grandee do Soul, Porto Allege, Brazil. Abstract purpose The purpose of this paper is to study paradoxes and strategies Of social media consumption among adolescents. Young people belonging to Generation Y have enthusiastically embraced social media as a means of achieving connectedness and managing social relationships. However, there is still a limited understanding of how adolescents actually differentiate between the media they use and of the effects of social media on their lives. This study differs from previous work by proceeding from the assumption that social media present a number of technological paradoxes and identifying what behavioral strategies they develop to derive the greatest possible benefit from, and cope with the ambivalent outcomes of, social media consumption. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study design was chosen, combining the use of focus groups and in-depth interviews with 50 Brazilian adolescents aged between 13 and 1 7 years. Topics Of discussion were designed to cover a range of social media relevant to young people. Findings The authors propose a conceptual model of social media consumption by young people and identify its positive and negative outcomes and the behavioral strategies of media selection and differentiation used to cope with them. These behaviors enable adolescents to derive maximum benefit from social media while minimizing the effort required to use them. Originality/ value This research contributes to marketing theory and practice by assessing the adolescent perspective of social media consumption and offering an integrated model of outcomes and behavioral strategies which they use. This model provides insights relevant to the planning of marketing communications directed towards young people. Key. Rods Adolescents, Generation Y, Social media, Media use, Paradoxes of technology, Social media effects Paper type Research paper Introduction Studies on the importance of social media had been widespread throughout the sass, principally in the fields of communication and communication genealogy (Barker, 2009; Bat, 2008; Boyd, 2008; Octet et al. , 2002). However, more recently, concern has been raised over the impacts of these media on consumption habits and their potential use in the development of communication and marketing strategies (MIS, 2010, 2012). A particular area of interest in the study of these media has been their impact on the lives of consumers in particular, those belonging to Generation Y (or Millennial). Young people today represent the first generation born since the advent of the Internet, and the first to grow up in an era of global interactivity (Bat, 008; McMillan and Morrison, 2006). Moreover, they have enthusiastically embraced the Internet and social media as a means of achieving connectedness and managing relationships with friends and acquaintances (Boyd, 2008; Huntley and Shells, 2010). Received 26 October 2013 Revised 17 February 2014 Accepted 5 May 2014 DOI 10. 1108/YES-10-2013-00408 However, while the emergence of this generation creates a wealth of opportunities for marketing through social media, the development of relevant strategies has been hindered by an often incorrect understanding of how young people really adopt and use social VOLVO. 15 NO. 2014, up. 275-295, O Emerald Group Publishing Limited, SINS 1747-3616 YOUNG CONSUMERS PAGE 275 media. Along with the widespread image of the hypertension adolescent, results showing positive consequences of social media consumption are as common as those indicating negative ones (Bassoon et al. , 2011; Helene et al. , 2006; Huntley and Shells, 201 0; Milan et al. , 2009). These incongruous results may arise, at least in part, from the exclusively adult and frequently paternalistic view of numerous consumer studies, which characterize adolescents as mere developing people and as passive subjects f consumerism and marketing strategies (Gregory-Thomas, 2007; Quart, 2003; Scorch, 2004). Indeed, some academics have pointed out a notable lack of accounts from adolescents themselves about their own consumption habits (Cody, 201 2; Cook, 2008; Mason et 201 1). Understanding how adolescents choose to adopt or abandon social media, and how they decide how to use each one according to their personal background, would be of great relevance to marketing strategies, given that the structural features of social media, while certainly important, are not the only factor determining whether young people accept and engage with them Online. In fact, a sound knowledge of adolescent behavioral strategies in the consumption of social media should be the starting point for businesses planning marketing initiatives. Downloaded by Tides University At 1 1 12 April 201 5 (APT) In the hope of shedding some light on this issue, this paper argues that young people are people in their own right and play an active role in their own consumption habits (Bat, 2008). Moreover, the study proceeds from the view that social media do not have exclusively positive or negative consequences, but actually reflect paradoxes of technological products (Mimic and Fourier, 1998). Taking these assumptions into consideration, we differ from previous work by identifying, from the perspective of the adolescents, what behavioral strategies they develop to derive the greatest possible benefit from, and cope with the ambivalent outcomes of, social media consumption. This article begins by reviewing the literature on the use of social media by adolescents. We then detail the methodology of the study, which involved the use of focus groups and in-depth interviews with 50 Brazilian adolescents aged between 13 and 1 7 years. We go on to propose a conceptual model of social media consumption by young people and identify TTS positive and negative outcomes as well as the behavioral strategies of media selection and differentiation used to cope with them. Finally, we discuss what implications young peoples approach to social media has for the planning Of marketing strategies aimed at them. Overall, this study contributes to marketing theory and practice by offering an adolescent perspective and providing insights relevant to the planning of marketing Background literature Social media Kaplan and Heinlein (2010) define social media as Internet-based applications that use the Web 2. 0 platform and allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content. Hansen et al. 2011), however, use the term somewhat more broadly to refer to a set of online tools that support social interaction, including services such as email, blobs, microbiology, social networking sites (SONS), wish and online multilayer games. Many of these tools are generally well-integrated and accessible through various digital technologies, such as phones, laptops, tablets and even videotapes (Hendricks et al. , 2011). Because the limits between one kind of social media an d another are often blurred, they may be also seen as a multimedia Timescale et al. , 2010, p. 34) or a polymeric (Mindanao and Miller, 201 3, p. 170). For this reason, some authors prefer to study them together or in groups (Heinous, 2011; Killing et al. , 2012; Mindanao and Miller, 2013). This paper adopts the same approach, treating social media more as an integrated group of media with different capabilities than as a collection of distinct technologies, while, at the same time, acknowledging the different ways they are used and the different impact which each one has according to its importance among adolescent users. PAGE 276 YOUNG CONSUMERS VOLVO. 15 NO. 2014 Adolescents motivations and activities in social media Downloaded by Tides University At 1 1 12 April 2015 (APT) Adolescence is a life phase characterized by a growing focus on identity development and colonization (Livingston, 2007). Because adolescents identify strongly with each other and tend to associate into groups , the literature commonly speaks of a youth subculture (Hiroshima and Solomon, 1993). However, a phenomenon which may be particular to young members of Generation Y is their tendency to conduct social relations using the Internet and social media. As Rickrack and Solomon (2007, p. 18) point out, the place where these youth connect their touchstone -? has morphed from yesterdays coffeehouse to todays website. In this respect, Huntley and Shells (2010) and Killing et al. (2012) suggest that digital media offer teenagers social functions, such as interaction and keeping in touch with peers. McMillan and Morrison (2006) argue that the experience in virtual communities is firmly rooted in the real world and that online social life reflects offline relationships in various ways. SONS, for example, allow young people to stay in touch with their friends even when they are not able o gather in unmediated situations (Boyd, 2008). Moreover, they provide a means for the teenager to relate to other social groups, seek out people with whom he or she most identifies and undertake identity experiments (Barker, 2009; Tossup and Lacunae, 2009; Vulnerable et al. , 2005). The colonization in media use, especially in multilayer games, may also be an important source of entertainment for young people (Frosting-Hendrickson, 2009; Janis and Martens, 2005). Currently, several types of social media are widely available to teenagers via cell phones and other mobile media (Tufted and Rasmussen, 2010). Discussing these devices, Whisker (2011 ) suggests that cell phones are also important mechanisms by which young people connect with their parents and improve their self-esteem. Grant and Donahue (2007) indicate that they have become the constant companions of teenagers, serving as a convenient form Of entertainment and a way to redefine social space. It is common for teenagers to use many forms of media simultaneously for example, they may do their homework with the TV on while talking or text messaging on their cell phone, and checking their Faceable or Namespace pages, all at the same time. Barded et al. (2010) argue that young people are more prone to multitasking than other age groups because, among other reasons, it provides a heightened sense of control over media consumption and also an experience of greater assimilation within their social network. Consequences of social media consumption for adolescents While many studies have investigated the adolescents motivations for social media consumption, the impact of these media on the welfare of adolescents has remained a matter of debate. For some researchers, the Internet and social media contribute towards developing and maintaining social legislations, allowing adolescents to meet new people, stay connected with their families and maintain geographically dispersed social networks (Barker, 2009; Franken, 2002; Whisker, 2011). According to Babcock et al. (2011 online communication can complement offline relationships and, thus, contribute to friendships among young people. Moreover, as computer- mediated communication offers some anonymity, it allows people to feel less inhibited and express themselves in ways that they would not feel comfortable doing in person, due to shyness, appearance and/or sexuality (Seller, 2004; Tossup and Lacunae, 2009). This online distribution effect (Seller, 2004) is related to the reduction of social presence in online communication, i. . The level of sensory contact that can be achieved between people through a given communication medium (Short et al. , 1976). Given that adolescents are often very concerned by the way they are seen by others (Taut and Elliott, 2001), the ability to control details of their self-presentation online is particularly important for them. However, for Barge and McKenna (2004), new media are contributing to the individualizing of leisure time and t o a reduction in time spent in offline legislations with VOLVO. 15 NO. 2014 YOUNG CONSUMERS PAGE 277 friends and family members. Helene et al. (2006) also argue that relationships developed online are more superficial than offline relationships. Assuming this to be true, the reduced quality of online relationships would have particularly serious implications for young people who use the Internet more intensively (Milan et al. , 2009). According to Beckmann et al. (2005), adolescents are also particularly vulnerable due to their brains plasticity and proneness to risky and impulsive behaviors. Rebind et al. (2010), Sun et al. 2008), Www and Change (2007) call attention to an increased risk of addiction associated to some social media, while Acquits and Gross (2006) warn that there is frequently a conflict between young peoples desire to protect their privacy and their actual behavior on SONS. Downloaded by Tides University At 11 12 April 2015 (APT) In summary, there are no simple clear-cut conclusions about the impact of social media on social relations and adolescents welfare. Corroborating this view, a recent survey of Internet specialists conducted by the pew Research Center revealed that opinion is more or less equally divided on the question f whether hypersensitivity will have more positive or more negative consequences for future generations (Anderson and Rainier, 2012). Rather, it is more plausible to say that they harbor tensions between simultaneous and opposing consequences, reflecting the paradoxes of technological products (Mimic and Fourier, 1998). However, there is a significant dearth of both empirical and theoretical accounts of adolescents specific practices in attempting to mediate the intricacies of their lived experiences and social contexts (Cody, 2012; Cook, 2008). Rather than focusing on adolescents as rotor of study in their own right, many studies of youth consumption are driven by policy efforts rooted in an adult-driven paternalistic paradigm, regarding young people as fragile and vulnerable to the Machiavellian strategies and invasions Of consumerism (Gregory-Thomas, 2007; Quart, 2003; Scorch, 2004). As a result, studies of this type are still all too often devoid of young peoples own voices (Cook, 2008; Mason et al. , 201 1). In this sense, a more youth-focused perspective should be a way of providing valuable insights for understanding teen media consumption and risk negotiation. According to Bat (2008), adolescents do not simply submit to media-based marketing strategies; instead, they are active participants and producers of their cultural consumption processes. Accordingly, while social media may not automatically bring about changes to social relations among young people, it is nevertheless possible that the coping strategies adolescents apply to them may determine what their effects will be. Therefore, instigated by the issues discussed, this research proposed was guided by the following questions: RSI . Assuming that social media reflect paradoxes of technology what are he consequences (both positive and negative) of its mediation of adolescents social relationships? ARQ. What behavioral strategies do young people develop to enjoy the benefits from, and cope with the problems of, social media consumption? ARQ. What are the possible implications of the way in which young people use social media for the planning Of marketing strategies? Method Given the scant existing research approaching their activities in social media from the perspective of adolescents themselves, we chose an exploratory study design, combining TTYL qualitative techniques: focus groups and in- depth interviews. The purpose of this combination was to take advantage of the greater breadth provided by focus groups and the greater depth of one- to-one interviews (Morgan, 1997). Furthermore, it allowed us to compare the findings obtained from each source to access their validity. Focus groups allow the researcher to understand the experiences of consumers in their own terms, as well as directly exhibiting the similarities and differences between the opinions and experiences of the participants (Morgan, 1997). The use of focus groups is PAGE 278 YOUNG CONSUMERS also well suited-for the study of adolescents, as many of them feel more enforceable and give more actionable answers when in the company of people their own age (Cello, 1996). The research project was presented to the staff of a high school in a major city in southern Brazil, chosen out of convenience because the researchers had access through personal contacts. Brazil has the seventh largest online population in the world (45. Million from work or home), and one of the most socially engaged on the Web (96. 0 per cent of users on social networking sites) (commerce, 2013). Internet use in the country has been growing at high rates (1 6 per cent in 201 2), largely due to the recent integration of residential broadband access beyond the large cities (cornered, 2013). By involving the teachers of the high school in the study, we were able to organize a group of students with wide experience of Internet use and social media. Parents received written information about the study and were asked to give informed consent prior to the focus groups. All participants were assured of the anonymity of their replies from the outset. In total, a convenience sample of 30 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years (17 girls and 13 boys) was obtained in this manner. Although there is no precise benefiting of age at which a person is considered adolescent, our sampling process followed approximately the range used by Chaplin and John (2005), who consider people aged between 13 and 18 years to be adolescents. All participants of focus groups reported possessing cell phones and computers at home, besides being active users of SONS (such as Faceable and Rust) and instant messengers (such as Windows Live Messenger e Skips) see Appendix. The participants were divided according to school grade and gender into four focus groups to produce a more comfortable atmosphere for the exchange of information. Dividing by grade may be considered more appropriate than by age because grade is a better discriminator of lifestyle (Chaplin and John, 2005; Cello, 1996). For example, a 14-year-old in high school will bring different experiences to a group than a 14-year-old in eighth grade. The focus group meetings were conducted in a room designed for the purpose at the adolescents own school and lasted an average of 90 minutes. Conducting a focus group with teenagers requires following some rules to elicit the most productive discussion (Cello, 1996). We reassured the respondents that they id not need to raise their hands or be concerned about using appropriate language. Moreover, the moderators role was limited to stimulating and guiding discussion. However, it was necessary periodically to call on some participants who were hesitant to speak up, asking them to contribute and reinforcing their productive comments. Discussion in the focus groups was guided by a semi-structured script designed to stimulate and catalyst the adolescents answers on the topics of interest (Table I). Topics were designed to cover a range of social media relevant to young people, not simply focus on a single technology. This approach was adopted on the assumption that, given the widespread accessibility of various forms Of social media among young people, it would be more useful for the purposes of the study to explore the distinctions and associations which young users make between such media for their own ends, rather than being confined by existing categorization in the literature which classify different media according to their technological features. In this sense, this approach relates to the understanding of polymeric of Mindanao and Miller (2013). As mentioned, the research also included in-depth interviews.

Lord Of The Rings Essays (1773 words) - The Lord Of The Rings

Lord Of The Rings Lord of the Rings: Picked Apart Imagine yourself in a pre-industrial world full of mystery and magic. Imagine a world full of monsters, demons, and danger, as well as a world full of friends, fairies, good wizards, and adventure. In doing so you have just taken your first step onto a vast world created by author and scholar John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Tolkien became fascinated by language at an early age during his schooling, in particularly, the languages of Northern Europe, both ancient and modern. This affinity for language did not only lead to his profession, but also his private hobby, the invention of languages. His broad knowledge eventually led to the development of his opinions about Myth and the importance of stories. All these various perspectives: language, the heroic tradition, and Myth, as well as deeply-held beliefs in Catholic Christianity work together in all of his works. The main elements of Tolkiens works are Good versus Evil, characters of Christian and anti-Christian origin, and the power of im agination. In Tolkien world, evil is the antithesis of creativity, and is dependent on destruction and ruin for its basis. Conversely, goodness is associated with the beauty of creation as well as the preservation of anything that is created. The symbolic nature of these two ideologies is represented in the Elven Rings, which symbolize goodness, and the One Ring, which is wholly evil. A main theme of The Hobbit, then, is the struggle within our own free will between good will and evil. Early in the (Lord of the Rings) narrative, Frodo recalls that his uncle Bilbo, especially during his later years, was fond of declaring that there was only one Road; that it was like a great river: its springs were at every doorstep, and every path was it tributary. (Wood, 208) Bilbo, the main character of The Hobbit, often displayed his goodness throughout Tolkiens novel. One example of this goodness is when he decides to let the evil and corrupt Gollum live, out of pity for him, in the dark caves under the mountain. Bilbo could have easily slain the horrid creature mainly because of the ring, which he was wearing at that time, gave him the power of invisibility. Instead, he risked his life to let the Gollum live by quickly jumping past the evil creature, thereby escaping death of either character. Gandalf, in a later narrative, lectures Frodo by praising Bilbos act of pity upon Gollum. Gandalfs words were, Pity? It was pity that stayed his hand. Pity, and Mercy; not to strike without need. And he has been well rewarded Frodo. For Gollum, later in the novel, saved Frodo from becoming possessed by the Ring of power. Many that live deserves death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them? Then do not be too eager to deal out death in judgement (Wood, 208) Another form of goodness that is displayed throughout The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings is Bilbo and Frodos actions of self-sacrifice. In The Hobbit there are two instances in which villains caught the dwarves, Bilbos fellow adventurers. Instead of fleeing their enemies, Bilbo risked his life to save the dwarves from the clutches of evil. One instance of this is when a clan of unusually large spiders captured Bilbos companions and planned to eat them. Bilbo then devised a plan to distract the spiders away from their victims and then silently backtracked to his companions. He then cut the dwarves from the sticky spider webs with which they were tied and, together, they fought their way to safety. Also, Frodo, in The Lord of the Rings was challenged with the destruction of the all-evil and corrupting One Ring of power. In doing so, Frodo sacrificed his life. We should also remember that Frodos self-sacrifice is not only for the defeat of evil; it is also for the good of society, for the whole community of created beings. This suggests, in turn, that in the mind of the fantasist, society is worth saving. (Evans, 481) As opposed to the good deeds and morals portrayed by Bilbo and his companions, there are many foul and unholy creatures that